IGF-1 has had an approved drug since 2005, with a narrow pediatric indication and a demanding label. IGF-1 LR3 is a different molecule, engineered to escape the binding proteins, with animal data only.
IGF-1 LR3 and mecasermin: the lab analog and the approved drug Read More »
Solid animal data, six human safety trials and a 536-patient phase 2b trial that did not confirm weight loss. The program ended in 2007.
AOD-9604: the GH fragment that was meant to burn fat Read More »
The HHS Secretary said he used it. An FDA committee voted 8 to 6 in its favor. PubMed still holds no controlled human trial. What changed in 2026, and what did not.
BPC-157: from Rogan’s podcast to an FDA committee vote Read More »
Three decades of animal work describe one peptide with the same repair pattern in tendon, gut mucosa and endothelium. The mechanism has independent support. The human trials do not exist yet.
BPC-157 in the laboratory: tendon, gut and blood vessels Read More »
Most of what is said about TB-500 comes from studies of thymosin beta-4, a 43-amino-acid protein. TB-500 is a 7-amino-acid fragment, and FDA found no case of it given to patients.
TB-500 is not thymosin beta-4: fragment vs protein Read More »
Blends of BPC-157, TB-500, GHK-Cu and KPV put four tissue-repair mechanisms in one vial. The synergy hypothesis is appealing. The only study that tested it found no added benefit.
GLOW, KLOW and Wolverine peptide blends: what the evidence shows Read More »
Sold as an ‘immune optimizer’ and approved abroad for hepatitis. Two large double-blind trials, in sepsis and pancreatitis, showed no benefit. Under 60, a signal pointed the other way.
Thymosin alpha-1 after TESTS: two large negative trials Read More »
Humans make one cathelicidin, LL-37, and vitamin D helps switch it on. Antimicrobial peptides are already in the pharmacy. Several new candidates have failed on the way.
LL-37 and antimicrobial peptides: the body’s answer to resistance Read More »
Peptides get an FDA committee, a roll-call vote and a demand for phase 3 data. A stem cell package with the hotel included gets by on a good Instagram photo. One yardstick should apply to both.
Stem cells and peptides: the double standard in how we judge them Read More »
Longevity peptides are the fastest-growing part of the conversation. They share serious biology and no human evidence that they slow aging.
Epitalon, MOTS-c, NAD+ and SS-31: longevity promise vs. proof Read More »
Four decades of work from one St. Petersburg group built a coherent telomerase hypothesis. Independent replication has only just started, and controlled human trials do not exist.
Epitalon: Khavinson’s program, telomerase and the replication gap Read More »
MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid peptide hidden in mitochondrial DNA. It has solid biology in mice, genetic associations in humans and one analog tested in a small clinical trial.
MOTS-c and mitochondrial peptides: where the evidence ends Read More »
