A tetrapeptide that binds cardiolipin won FDA accelerated approval for Barth syndrome in 2025. What its trials showed, where they failed and what still needs confirming.
SS-31 (elamipretide): the mitochondrial peptide that reached FDA Read More »
Oral precursors reliably raise NAD+. Clinical benefit is a separate question, and the evidence for IV NAD+ infusions is thinner than the drip menus suggest.
NAD+ in humans: precursors, infusions and what the trials measure Read More »
5-amino-1MQ is sold alongside peptides, but it is a small molecule that blocks the enzyme NNMT. In mice it was linked to less fat and stronger aged muscle. In humans there are no published trials.
5-amino-1MQ: what the NNMT inhibitor does and where the evidence ends Read More »
The copper peptide moved from creams to syringes. Topical trials are mixed, the injectable route has no human trials, and about a third of the literature shares one group’s byline.
GHK-Cu: four decades of papers, few trials Read More »
From copper to matrix, from matrix to cell, from cell to gene. What has actually been measured about how GHK-Cu works in skin, and every human study we could verify.
GHK-Cu copper peptide: the mechanism of action, step by step Read More »
Thymosin beta-4, BPC-157 and GHK-Cu have decades of wound, burn and scar data, nearly all in animals. When thymosin beta-4 reached human trials, it did not clearly beat placebo.
Peptides and skin healing after laser, microneedling and surgery Read More »
SNAP-8 and its predecessor, argireline, mimic a fragment of SNAP-25 to dampen the contraction behind expression lines. The mechanism is elegant and the human trials are positive and small. The skin is the main barrier.
SNAP-8 and argireline: ‘topical Botox’ under the microscope Read More »
Peptides sit at both ends of melasma. α-MSH analogs darken skin by design. A few topical oligopeptides inhibit tyrosinase. Tranexamic acid is still the benchmark.
Melasma and peptides: what lightens, what darkens, what is proven Read More »
Glutathione is sold as capsules, creams and IV drips to lighten skin. Oral and topical trials show modest effects. The IV route has one controlled trial and several official warnings.
Glutathione for skin lightening: what the trials show Read More »
Hydrolyzed collagen is probably the most widely consumed peptide. Meta-analyses show benefits for skin and joints, and the skin effect fades when only independent or high-quality trials are analyzed.
Oral collagen: the peptide your patients already take Read More »
Exosomes, polynucleotides, PRP, biostimulators, topical peptides and GLP-1 programs inside plastic-surgery practices. Each modality, its best trial and its FDA status.
Regenerative aesthetics in New York and Beverly Hills: the evidence Read More »
Semax is a registered drug in Russia and sold worldwide as a cognitive enhancer. Selank is sold for anxiety, DSIP for sleep. None has an adequately sized placebo-controlled trial for those uses.
Semax, selank and DSIP: the evidence behind the nootropic peptides Read More »
